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How To Use Margin In CSS?

The CSS margin properties set the size of the white space outside the border. The margins are completely transparent and cannot have a background color.

CSS has properties for specifying the margin for each side of an element:
§  margin-top
§  margin-right
§  margin-bottom
§  margin-left

All the margin properties can have the following values:
§  auto - the browser calculates the margin
§  length - specifies a margin in px, pt, cm, etc.
§  % - specifies a margin in % of the width of the containing element
§  inherit - specifies that the margin will be inherited from the parent element

It is also possible to use negative values for margins; to overlap content.

Example 1: The following example sets different margins for all four sides of a <p> element:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>

p { background-color: yellow; }

p.ex {
border:1px solid red;
margin-top: 100px;
margin-bottom: 100px;
margin-right: 150px;
margin-left: 80px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Using individual margin properties:</h2>

<p>This is a paragraph with no specified margins.</p>
<p class="ex">This paragraph has a top and bottom margin of 100px, a left margin of 80px, and a right margin of 150px.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example 2: The following example lets the left margin be inherited from the parent element:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>

div.container {
border: 1px solid red;
margin-left: 100px;
}

p.one { margin-left: inherit; }
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Use of the inherit value</h2>
<p>Let the left margin be inherited from the parent element:</p>

<div class="container">
<p class="one">This is a paragraph with an inherited left margin (from the div element). </p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Example 3: To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the margin properties in one property.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>

p { background-color: yellow; }

p.ex {
border:1px solid red;
margin: 100px 150px 100px 80px;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Using the margin shorthand property:</h2>

<p>This is a paragraph with no specified margins.</p>
<p class="ex">This paragraph has a top and bottom margin of 100px, a left margin of 80px, and a right margin of 150px.</p>

</body>
</html>

Explanation: So, here is how it works:
If the margin property has four values:
§  margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
o   top margin is 25px
o   right margin is 50px
o   bottom margin is 75px
o   left margin is 100px

If the margin property has three values:
§  margin: 25px 50px 75px;
o   top margin is 25px
o   right and left margins are 50px
o   bottom margin is 75px

If the margin property has two values:
§  margin: 25px 50px;
o   top and bottom margins are 25px
o   right and left margins are 50px

If the margin property has one value:
§  margin: 25px;
o   All four margins are 25px

Example 4: You can set the margin property to auto to horizontally center the element within its container. The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the left and right margins:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>

div {
width:300px;
margin: auto;
border: 1px solid red;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Use of the auto Value</h2>
<p>You can set the margin property to auto to horizontally center the element within its container. The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the left and right margins:</p>

<div> This div will be centered because it has margin: auto; </div>

</body>
</html> 
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